![]() When a sound is added between two consonants, Epenthesis typically the uh sound bu-lue for blue 8 yrs. Weak Syllable Deletion When the weak syllable in a word is deleted nana for banana 4 yrs. Usually seen in more severe Initial Consonant Deletion When the initial consonant in a word is left off unny for bunny. with /s Final Consonant Deletion When the final consonant in a word is left off toe for toad 3 yrs. without /s/, Cluster Reduction When a consonant cluster is reduced to a single consonant pane for plane.Ĥ Gone by 5 yrs. age Syllable Structure Definition Example of elimination Gone by 4 yrs. Reduplication When a complete or incomplete syllable is repeated baba for bottle 3 yrs. When two phonemes are substituted with a different phoneme Coalescence that still has similar features foon for spoon. Prevocalic Voicing or /f/ is substituted with a voiced consonant like /g/ or /v/. When a voiceless consonant in the beginning of a word like /k/. Final Consonant Devoicing is substituted with a voiceless consonant like /p/ or /t/. When a voiced consonant at the end of a word like /b/ or /d/. Denasalization consonant like /b/ or /d/. age Assimilation Definition Example of elimination When a consonant sound starts to sound like another Assimilation bub for bus 3 yrs.ģ Sound in the word When a nasal consonant like /m/ or /n/ changes to a nonnasal doze for nose yrs. Labialization When a nonlabial sound is replaced with a labial sound pie for tie 6 yrs. Depalatalization When a palatal sound is substituted with a nonpalatal sound fit for fish 5 yrs. ![]() Alveolarization When a nonalveolar sound is substituted with an alveolar sound tu for shoe 5 yrs. ![]() When an affricate, like ch or j ,is replaced with a fricative Deaffrication or stop like sh or /d/. Affrication When a nonaffricate is replaced with an affricate (ch or j) joor for door 3 yrs. appo for apple or Vowelization When the /l/ or er sounds are replaced with a vowel papuh for paper. Stopping dump for jump sh, ch, j by 4 1/2 th gone by 5. When a fricative (like /f/ or /s/) or affricate (ch,j) is substituted pan for fan or /f/, /s/ by 3 /v/, /z/ by 3 1/2. Gliding When /r/ becomes a /w/, and /l/ becomes a /w/ or y sound or yeyo for yello.Ģ 6 yrs. ![]() substituted with alveolar sounds like /t/, /d/, and /s/. When velar or palatal sounds, like /k/, /g/, and sh, are Fronting tootie for cookie yrs. age Substitution Definition Example of elimination When alvoelar sounds, like /t/ and /d/, are substituted with Usually seen in more severe Backing velar sounds like /k/ and /g/. A Phonological disorder occurs when Phonological Processes persist beyond the age when most typically developing children have stopped using them or when the Processes used are much different than what would be expected. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group, Inc.ġ Phonological Processes Phonological Processes are patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify Speech as they are learning to talk. Manual of Articulation and Phonological Disorders. Gliding When /r/ becomes a /w/, and /l/ becomes a /w/ or y sound or yeyo for yello.įinal Consonant Deletion Phonological Processes Bleile, Ken M. Phonological Processes Phonological Processes are patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify Speech as they are learning to talk. Example: tourism industry Search Phonological Processes - Little Bee Speech
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